DAACS Digital Archaeological Archive of Chesapeake Slavery


Research
Papers and Manuscripts Bibliography
Agbe-Davies, Anna
1994a Artifact Distributions and Spatial Patterning at the Rich Neck Slave Quarter. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Agbe-Davies, Anna
1994b Preliminary Findings from the Rich Neck Slave Quarter Excavations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Agbe-Davies, Anna
1997 An Analysis of Several Enigmatic Features from the Rich Neck Plantation Site. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Corpus Christi, Texas.

Agbe-Davies, Anna
1999 Archaeological Excavation of a Small Cellar on Rich Neck Plantation. Report on file at the Department of Archaeological Research, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Andrews, Susan Trevarthen
1993 Faunal Analysis of Slave Quarter Site at Poplar Forest. Manuscript on file, The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia.

Andrews, Susan Trevarthen
1995 Faunal Analysis for Poplar Forest Feature 1206. Manuscript on file, The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia..

Andrews, Susan Trevarthen
1996 Poplar Forest Quarter Site Faunal Analysis. Manuscript on file, The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia.

Andrews, Susan Trevarthen
1999 Faunal Analysis of North Hill Features, Poplar Forest. Manuscript on file, The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia.

Appraisement of the Estate of Philip Ludwell Esqr, Decd.
1913 Virginia Magazine of History and Biography XXI(1): 395-416.

Arendt, Beatrix
2003 Acquire This: A Study of Ceramic Stylistic Variability at Monticello, Mount Vernon, and Stratford Hall. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Providence, Rhode Island. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Arendt, Beatrix, and Jesse Sawyer
2002 Following the Yellow Brick Road: The DAACS-Munsell Color Range System. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Mobile, Alabama. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Arendt, Beatrix, Jillian E. Galle, and Fraser D. Neiman
2003 Model Consumers? Clues to Ceramic Acquisition at Slave Quarter Sites in the Greater Chesapeake. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Atkins, Stephen C.
1994 An Archaeological Perspective on the African-American Slave Diet at Mount Vernon’s House for Families. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Department of Anthropology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Bear, James A., Jr. (editor)
1967 Jefferson at Monticello. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Bear, James A., and Lucia C. Stanton (editors)
1997 Thomas Jefferson’s Memorandum Books: Accounts, with Legal Records and Miscellany, 1767-1826. Two volumes. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 2d. Series. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Bell, Alison K., Kerri Barile, Douglas W. Sanford, and Michael Smith
1998 Archaeology at Stratford: The Old Orchard Field, The 1998 Field School Season. Unpublished manuscript on file at the Center for Historic Preservation, Mary Washington College, Fredericksburg, Virginia.

Berlin, Ira
1998 Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Betts, Edwin M. (editor)
1976 [1944] Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, 1766-1824, with Relevant Extracts from His Other Writings. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Betts, Edwin M. (editor)
1987 [1953] Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book with Commentary and Relevant Extracts from Other Writings. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Bon-Harper, Sara, Jennifer Aultman, Nick Bon-Harper, and Derek Wheeler
2004 Methods in the Analysis of Slave-Occupied Plowzone Sites at Monticello. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Montreal, Canada.

Bon-Harper, Sara, and Derek Wheeler
2005a Plowzone Archaeology: The Identification of Slaves' Dwellings on Plowed Sites at Monticello. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, York, England.

Bon-Harper, Sara, and Derek Wheeler
2005b Site Characterization: The Definition of Archaeological Sites using Survey and Excavation Data. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Bon-Harper, Sara, Derek Wheeler, and Fraser Neiman
2003 Adjusting the Focus: Site Detection at Monticello. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Bowen, Joanne
1993 Faunal Remains from the House for Families Cellar. Prepared for the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association, Archaeology Department, Mount Vernon, Virginia.

Bowen, Joanne
1996 Foodways in the 18th-century Chesapeake. In The Archaeology of 18th-century Virginia, edited by T.R. Reinhart, pp. 87-130. Special Publication no. 35, Archaeological Society of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.

Boyd, Donna C., and C. Clifford Boyd, Jr.
1996 An Osteological Analysis of 18th Century Human Skeletal Remains from Utopia I (44JC32), Kingsmill on the James, James City County, Virginia. Manuscript on file, James River Institute for Archaeology, Inc., Williamsburg, Virginia.

Boyd, Julian P., et al. (editor)
1950- The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. [31 volumes to date.] Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Boyd, Julian (editor)
1961 The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Vol. 16, November 1789-July 1790. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Bray, James II
1725 James Bray (II) Will and Inventory. Manuscript on file, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Rockefeller Library, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Brooks, Alasdair
1996 Analysis of Ceramics and Glass from the Quarter Site. Manuscript on file, The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia.

Burwell, Lewis IV
1782-1783 Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1805, M2031 microfilm, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Rockefeller Library, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Burwell Papers
1736-1746 James Bray Ledger. In Burwell Account Book No. 1, folios 100-123. Microfilm —1558 (formerly —96-1). Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Rockefeller Library, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Burwell Petition
1759 Petition of Lewis Burwell. Public Records Office, Privy Council, PRO/PC 2/106, Survey Report 6108, p. 487. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Rockefeller Library, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Burwell v. Johnson
1758 Lewis and Frances Burwell vs. Philip and Elizabeth Johnson. British Museum Additional Manuscripts 36, 218, pp. 138-143. Microfilm 284. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Rockefeller Library, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Canel, Hannah B.
1996 Poplar Forest's Schist Smoking Pipes. Manuscript on file, The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia.

Carson, Cary
1994 The Consumer Revolution in Colonial British America: Why Demand? In Of Consuming Interests: The Style of Life in the 18th century, edited by C. Carson, R. Hoffman, and P. J. Albert, pp.483-700. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Carson, Cary, Norman F. Barka, William M. Kelso, Gary Wheeler Stone, and Dell Upton
1981 Impermanent Architecture in the Southern American Colonies. In Winterthur Portfolio16:135-196.

Chambers, S. Allen Jr.
1993 Poplar Forest and Thomas Jefferson. The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia.

Chappell, E.A.
1989 Social Responsibility and the American History Museum. In Winterthur Portfolio 24: 247-265.

Chappell, E.A.
1999 Museums and American Slavery. In I, Too, am America, Archaeological Studies of African-American Life, edited by T.A. Singleton, pp. 240-260. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Cooper, M. W.
1997 Phase II Archaeological Investigations: Site 44WB90 Williamsburg, Virginia. Unpublished report on file at the Department of Archaeological Research, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Crader, Diana C.
1984 The Zooarchaeology of the Storehouse and the Dry Well at Monticello. In American Antiquity 49(3): 542-557.

Crader, Diana C.
1990 Slave Diet at Monticello. In American Antiquity 55(4): 690-717.

Deetz, James
1988 American Historical Archaeology: Methods and Results. In Science 239: 362-367.

Desandrouins, Jean-Nicolas
1781 Map of the Environs of Williamsburg, in Virginia. Oversize MP/00/1781/61.222. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Ferguson, Leland
1992 Uncommon Ground: Archaeology and Early African America, 1650-1800. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Fesler, Garrett
1997 Phase I Archaeological Survey of 270 Acres at the Former Camp Wallace Army Training Base at Kingsmill on the James, James City County, Virginia. Report submitted to Busch Properties, Inc. James River Institute for Archaeology, Inc., Williamsburg, Virginia.

Fesler, Garrett
2000a Back to Utopia: An Interim Report on Renewed Archaeological Excavations at the Utopia Quarter, Field Seasons 1993-1996. Period 1 Occupation, ca. 1675-1700. Volume I. James River Institute for Archaeology, Inc., Williamsburg, Virginia.

Fesler, Garrett
2000b Back to Utopia: An Interim Report on Renewed Archaeological Excavations at the Utopia Quarter, Field Seasons 1993-1996. Period 2 Occupation, ca. 1700-1730. Volume II. James River Institute for Archaeology, Inc., Williamsburg, Virginia.

Fesler, Garrett
2001 Back to Utopia: An Interim Report on Renewed Archaeological Excavations at the Utopia Quarter, Field Seasons 1993-1996. Results of Shovel Testing. Volume V. James River Institute for Archaeology, Inc., Williamsburg, Virginia.

Fesler, Garrett
2004a From Houses to Homes: An Archaeological Case Study of Household Formation at the Utopia Slave Quarter, ca. 1675 to 1775. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Fesler, Garrett
2004b Living Arrangements among Enslaved Women and Men at an Early Eighteenth-Century Virginia Quartering Site. In Engendering African American Archaeology: A Southern Perspective, edited by Jillian E. Galle and Amy L. Young. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee.

Ford, Worthington Chauncey
1968 Letters of William Lee, 1766-1783. Burt Franklin, New York, New York.

Franklin, Maria
1997 Out of Site, Out of Mind: The Archaeology of an Enslaved Virginian Household, ca. 1740-1778. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, California. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Galle, Jillian, and Fraser D. Neiman
2001a Toward regional consensus: The Digital Archaeological Archive of Chesapeake Slavery. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Long Beach, California. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Galle, Jillian, and Fraser D. Neiman
2001b The Digital Archaeological Archive of Chesapeake Slavery and Internet Technologies. Unpublished paper presented in the symposium, "What Can Electronic Publication Do for American Archaeology?," at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans, Louisiana. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Galle, Jillian, and Fraser D. Neiman
2002 An Elemental Approach to Ceramic Stylistic Analysis. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Mobile, Alabama. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Galle, Jillian, and Fraser D. Neiman
2003 Patterns of Tea and Tableware Consumption of Late Eighteenth-Century Slave Quarter Sites. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Providence, Rhode Island. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Gibbs, P. A.
1980 The Palace Lands, 1700-1790. Unpublished manuscript on file at Historical Research, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Goodall, William
1770 Rich Neck plat. Oversized map collection, 01/1770/63.20. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Goodwin, Mary R. M.
1958 Kingsmill Plantation, James City County. Ms., Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Gomez, Michael A.
1998 Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Grillo, Katherine M.
2002 Building o: An Archaeological Reanalysis of a Mulberry Row Slave Quarter. Unpublished senior Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Gruber, Anna
1990 The Archaeology of Mr. Jefferson’s slaves. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Winterthur Program, University of Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware.

Gruber, Anna
1991 The Archaeology of Slave Life at Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello: Mulberry Row Slave Quarters "r, s, t." In Quarterly Bulletin of the Archeological Society of Virginia 46(1): 2-9.

Harris, Edward C.
1979 Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. Academic Press, London, England.

Heath, Barbara
1993 Report on the Archaeological Testing for the Proposed Tree Screen, March-April. Manuscript on file, The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia.

Heath, Barbara
1994 An Interim Report on the 1993 Excavations: The Quarter Site at Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia. Manuscript on file, The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia.

Heath, Barbara
1997 Slavery and Consumerism: A Case Study from Central Virginia. In African-American Archaeology, Newsletter of the African-American Archaeology Network 19: 1-8.

Heath, Barbara
1999a Hidden Lives: The Archaeology of Slave Life at Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Heath, Barbara
1999b Buttons, Beads, and Buckles: Contextualizing Adornment Within the Bounds of Slavery. In Historical Archaeology, Identity Formation, and the Interpretation of Ethnicity, edited by Maria Franklin and Garrett Fesler, pp.47-69. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and Dietz Press, Richmond, Virginia.

Heath, Barbara
2001 Bounded Yards and Fluid Borders: Landscapes of Slavery at Poplar Forest. In Places of Cultural Memory, African Reflections on the American Landscape.Conference Proceedings. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, pp. 69-81.

Heath, Barbara
2003 A Comparative Analysis of African-American Adornment Practices in the Chesapeake. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Providence, Rhode Island. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Heath, Barbara
2004 Engendering Choice: Slavery and Consumerism in Central Virginia. In Engendering African-American Archaeology: A Southern Perspective, edited by Jillian E. Galle and Amy L. Young. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee.

Heath, Barbara
n.d. A Report on Excavations of the Poplar Forest Quarter, North Hill and Wingos Quarters. Draft manuscript on file, The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia.

Heath, Barbara, and Amber Bennett
2000 'The little spots allow'd them': The Archaeological Study of African-American Yards. In Historical Archaeology34(2): 38-55.

Hill, Martha
2002a Summary of Archaeological Excavations by Site. Mulberry Row Project. Unpublished report on file at the Jefferson Library, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville Virginia.

Hill, Martha
2002b Summary of Archaeological and Documentary Evidence for Excavated and Standing Buildings on Mulberry Row. Mulberry Row Project. Unpublished report on file at the Jefferson Library, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville Virginia.

Hillman, Benjamin J. (editor)
1966 Extract from 20 April 1768 Council meeting. Executive Journals of the Council, 6, pp 288-289. Richmond, Virginia.

Hume, Ivor Noel
1969 A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. Vintage Books, New York, New York.

Inventory of the Estate of Lucy L. Paradise.
1812 The Virginia Historical Society, Mss1-L51 f204-205 Section 98 and C227 f72-73.

Jefferson, Thomas
1766-1824 Garden Book [electronic edition]. Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Boston, Mass.: Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jefferson, Thomas
1776a Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Monticello: outbuildings and garden (study), circa 1776-1778, by Thomas Jefferson. N87; K56 [electronic edition]. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jefferson, Thomas
1776b Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Monticello: outbuildings, circa 1776-1778, by Thomas Jefferson. N88; K57 [electronic edition]. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jefferson, Thomas
1778a Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Monticello: timber zone (plat), [1778], by Thomas Jefferson. N130; K94e [electronic edition]. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jefferson, Thomas
1778b Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Monticello: south field (plat), [1778], by Thomas Jefferson. N131; K94f [electronic edition]. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jefferson, Thomas
1778c Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Monticello: south field (plat), [1778], by Thomas Jefferson. N132; K94g [electronic edition]. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jefferson, Thomas
1793a Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Monticello: survey notes, 20 pages, 1793, by Thomas Jefferson. N196; K167d [electronic edition]. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jefferson, Thomas
1793b Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Monticello: east roads and fields (plat), 15 October 1793, by Thomas Jefferson. N194; K167b [electronic edition]. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jefferson, Thomas
1806 Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Monticello: estate lands (plat), 1806, by Thomas Jefferson. N209; K168 [electronic edition]. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jefferson, Thomas
1808 Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Monticello: park (plat), 1808-1809, by Thomas Jefferson. N221; K168j [electronic edition]. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jefferson, Thomas
1809 Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Monticello: survey notes, 4 pages, 1809, by Thomas Jefferson. N213; K168b [electronic edition]. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003. http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/

Jester, Annie Lash, and Martha Woodroof Hiden (editors)
1987 Adventurers of Purse and Person VIRGINIA 1607-1624/5. Third edition, revised and edited by Virginia M. Meyer and John Frederick Dorman. The Dietz Press, Inc; Richmond, Virginia.

Jones, John G.
2002 Analysis of Pollen from Poplar Forest. Manuscript on file, The Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest, Forest, Virginia.

Kelso, William M.
1973 An Interim Report on Historical Archaeology at Kingsmill, the 1972 Season. Virginia Research Center for Archaeology, Yorktown, Virginia.

Kelso, William M.
1974 An Interim Report on the Excavation at Kingsmill Plantation: The 1973 Season. Virginia Research Center for Archaeology, Yorktown, Virginia.

Kelso, William M.
1976 Historical Archaeology at Kingsmill: The 1974 Season. Virginia Research Center for Archaeology, Yorktown, Virginia.

Kelso, William M.
1977 An Interim Report on Historical Archaeology at Kingsmill: The 1975 Season. Virginia Research Center for Archaeology, Yorktown, Virginia.

Kelso, William M.
1982 A Report on the Archaeological Excavations at Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia, 1979-1981. Manuscript on file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Kelso, William M.
1984 Kingsmill Plantations, 1619-1800: Archaeology of Country Life in Colonial Virginia. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, Florida.

Kelso, William M.
1986a The Archaeology of Slave Life at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello: "A Wolf by the Ears." In Journal of New World Archaeology 6(4): 5-20.

Kelso, William M.
1986b Mulberry Row: Slave Life at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. In Archaeology 39(5): 28-35.

Kelso, William M.
1995 Archaeology of Chesapeake Common Folks: Artifacts of Definition and Change Among the Rich and Poor at Kingsmill and Monticello, 1650-1810. In Common People and Their Material World: Free Men and Women in the Chesapeake, 1700-1830, eds. David Harvey and Gregory Brown, pp. 75-93. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Research Publications. Dietz Press, Richmond, Virginia.

Kelso, William M.
1997 Archaeology at Monticello: Artifacts of Everyday Life in the Plantation Community. Monticello Monograph Series. Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Kelso, William M., Douglas Sanford, Anna Gruber, Diana C. Johnson, and Ann M. Smart
1985 Monticello Black History/Craft Life Archaeological Project, 1984-1985. Progress report. Submitted to the National Endowment for the Humanities. Manuscript on file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Kelso, William M., Douglas Sanford, Diana Crader Johnson, Sondy Sanford, and Anna Gruber
1984 A Report on the Archaeological Excavations at Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia, 1982-1983. Submitted to the National Endowment for the Humanities. Appendix A (D. Sanford), Appendix B (Crader), Appendix C (S. Sanford), Appendix E (Gruber). Manuscript on file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Kimball, Fiske
1968 [1916] Thomas Jefferson, Architect. Original Designs in the Coolidge Collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society with an Essay and Notes by Fiske Kimball. New Introduction by Frederick Doveton Nichols. Da Capo Press, New York, New York.

Kulikoff, Alan
1986 Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680-1800. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Lee Family Papers, 1638-1867.
Manuscripts, Mss1 L51. Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia.

Ludwell Family.
1910 William and Mary Quarterly, 1st series, 19(3): 199-214.

Ludwell Papers, 1678-1828 (1879)
Microfilm, Special Collections, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Martin, Ann Smart
1994 "Fashionable Sugar Dishes, Latest Fashion Ware": The Creamware Revolution in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake. In Historical Archaeology of the Chesapeake, edited by Paul A. Shackel and Barbara J. Little, pp. 169-188. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.

McCartney, Martha
1991 History of the Governor's Land at Two Rivers, James City County, Virginia. On file, James River Institute for Archaeology, Inc. Williamsburg, Virginia.

McClure, James P.
1977 Littletown Plantation, 1700-1745. Master's thesis, Department of History, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.

McFaden, Leslie, Philip Levy, David Muraca, and Jennifer Jones
1999 Interim Report: The Archaeology of Rich Neck Plantation, VDHR File Number 97-1411-F. Report on file at the Department of Archaeological Research, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

McFaden, Leslie, and David Muraca
1994 Archaeological Testing at Holly Hills. Report on file at the Department of Archaeological Research, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

McGhan, Judith
1982 Virginia Will Records. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland.

Metz, John, J. Jones, D. Pickett, and D. Muraca
1994 "Upon the Palisido" and Other Stories of Place from Bruton Heights. Unpublished report on file at the Department of Archaeological Research, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Miller, George, with contributions by Patricia Samford, Ellen Shlasko, and Andrew Madsen
2000 Telling Time for Archaeologists. In Northeast Historical Archaeology, Volume 29, pp. 1-22.

Miller, Henry M.
1978 Pettus and Utopia: A Comparison of the Faunal Remains from Two Late Seventeenth Century Virginia Households. Conference on Historic Site Archaeology Papers, 1978, Volume 13, Stanley South, ed., pp. 158-179.

Moody, Mathew to Francis Fauquier
1760 Deed recorded July 11, 1760 , York County Deeds 6: 249-251.

Morgan, Philip
1998 Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

The Munsell Book of Color
The Munsell Book of Color, The Glossy Edition. Volumes 1 and 2, Removable Samples in Two Binders. GretagMacbeth, 617 Little Britain Road, New Windsor, NY 12553. (800) 565-5660.

Munsell Soil Color Charts
2000 Munsell Soil Color Charts. Revised Washable Edition. GretagMacbeth, 617 Little Britain Road, New Windsor, NY 12553. (800) 565-5660.

Muraca, David
1993 Archaeological Testing at Rich Neck. Report on file at the Department of Archaeological Research, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Neiman, Fraser D.
1977a An Archaeological Survey of Stratford Plantation, Westmoreland County, Virginia. Submitted to the Virginia Research Center for Archaeology, Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission. Unpublished manuscript on file with the Robert E. Lee Memorial Association, Stratford, Virginia.

Neiman, Fraser D.
1977b Responses of the Chesapeake Plantation System to Culture Changes in the Late 18th Century: The Evidence from Kingsmill and Stratford. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Ottawa, Canada.

Neiman, Fraser D.
1997a Sub-Floor Pits and Slavery in 18th- and Early 19th-Century Virginia. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Corpus Christi, Texas. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Neiman, Fraser D.
1997b Evolutionary game theory, Sub-floor Pits, and the Social Dynamics of Chesapeake Slavery. Unpublished paper presented in the forum, "Doing Social Archaeology with Darwinian Theory," organized by Fraser Neiman and James Boone, at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Nashville, Tennessee.

Neiman, Fraser D.
1998 Modeling Social Dynamics in Colonial and Antebellum Slave Architecture: Monticello in Historical Perspective. Unpublished paper presented at the Slavery Housing Conference at the International Center for Jefferson Studies, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Neiman, Fraser D.
2000 Dissecting Plowzone Palimpsests with Bayesian Spatial Smoothing and Correspondence Analysis. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Neiman, Fraser D., Jillian E. Galle, and Derek Wheeler
2003 Chronological Inference and DAACS. Unpublished paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Providence, Rhode Island. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Neiman, Fraser D., and Karen Y. Smith
2005 How Can Bayesian Smoothing and Correspondence Analysis Help Decipher the Occupational Histories of Late-Eighteenth Century Slave Quarters at Monticello? Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Nichols, Frederick Doveton
1995 [1961] Thomas Jefferson's Architectural Drawings, Compiled and with Commentary and a Checklist. Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts.

Nugent, Nell Marion
1979 Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents and Grants, 1623-1666, Volume I. Virginia Book Company, Berryville, Virginia.

Olson, Heather L.
2003 'Constantly Employed': Chronological and Regional Differences in Tool Use at Seven Slave Sites in the Virginia Chesapeake. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Providence, Rhode Island. On file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Olson, Heather L., and Barbara J. Heath
1999 Personal Work Time and the Presence of Tools at Two Slave Quarter Sites in Central Virginia. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Salt Lake City Utah.

Outlaw, Merry A., Beverly A. Bogley, and Alain C. Outlaw
1977 Rich Man, Poor Man: Status Definition in Two Seventeenth-Century Ceramic Assemblages from Kingsmill. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Ottawa, Canada.

Pettus, Thomas II
1691 Inventory of Estate. Henrico County Court Records, Vol. 1 (1650-1717), pp. 73-74.

Pickett, Dwayne W.
1997 Phase I/II Archaeological Investigations of the Palace Pasture: Lot 178 in Block 34 of Colonial Williamsburg's Historic Area. Unpublished report on file at the Department of Archaeological Research, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Pi-Sunyer, Oriol
1957 Archaeological Excavations at Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia. Manuscript on file at the Department of Archaeology, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Pogue, Dennis J.
2001 Slave Lifeways at Mount Vernon: An Archaeological Perspective. In Slavery at the Home of George Washington, edited by Philip J. Schwarz, pp. 111-129. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Mount Vernon, Virginia.

Pogue, Dennis J.
2003 The Domestic Architecture of Slavery at George Washington's Mount Vernon. In Winterthur Portfolio 37(1): 3-22.

Pogue, Dennis J., and Esther C. White
1991 Summary Report on the "House for Families" Slave Quarter Site (44FX762/40-47), Mount Vernon Plantation, Mount Vernon, Virginia. In Archeological Society of Virginia Quarterly Bulletin 46(4): 189-206.

Privy Council Registers
1738-1778 Public Records Office, Privy Council Registers, PRO/PC 2/109, Survey Report 6111, pp. 130-135. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Rockefeller Library, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Raymer, Leslie
2003 Archaeobotanical Analysis from Data Recovery Excavations at the North Hill and Quarter Sites, Jefferson's Poplar Forest: A Study of Enslaved African-American Subsistence Patterns. New South Associates Technical Report #781. New South Associates, Stone Mountain, GA.

Reinhart, Theodore
1984 Unpaginated manuscript of 1984 field results at site 44JC298. On file at the Anthropology Department, the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Samford, Patricia
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